Storage and Retrieval of Information in MemoryData storage Setting the individual bits of a memory cell to 0 or 1, destroying its previous contentsData retrievalCopying the contents of a particular memory cell to another storage area MemoryMemory cell an individual storage locationAddress relative position in memor圜ontents the data stored in a memory cellStored program concept an ability to store program instructions in main memory for executionįigure 1.4 1000 Memory Cells in Main Memoryīytes and BitsBytethe amount of storageBit (binary digit)The smallest element a computer can deal with8 bits = 1 byteįigure 1.5 Relationship Between a Byte and a Bit
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Modern computer categoriesPersonal computer (Figure1.2)MainframeUsed in large real-time transaction processingSupercomputerUsed in computationally intensive applicationsįigure 1.2 (a) Notebook Computer (ThinkPad, Courtesy of IBM).(b) Palmtop Computer (Sony Cli PDA, Courtesy of Sony).(c) Desktop Computer (IBM NetVista Desktop, Courtesy of IBM).Ĭomputer System Major CategoryHardware actual computer equipment Software the set of programsġ.2 COMPUTERS HARDWAREComputer essential componentMain memorySecondary memor圜PUInput devicesOutput devices
(Reprinted by permission of Intel Corporation, Intel Corporation 2003) This processor can execute a simple instruction such as an integer addition in one six-billionth of a second.
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Outline1.1 ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS THEN AND NOW1.2 COMPUTERS HARDWARE1.3 COMPUTERS SOFTWARE1.4 THE SOFTWARE DEVELOPING METHOD1.5 APPLYING THE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODĬASE STUDY: CONVERTING MILES TO KILOMETERSġ.1 ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS THEN AND NOW1930 the first electronic computer1946 ENIACToday microprocessor chip (Figure1.1)įigure 1.1 The Intel Pentium 4 Processor chip is an integrated circuit containing the full circuitry of a central processing unit. Chapter 1Overview of Computers and Programming
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